| Jaunpur | |
| — city — | |
|
|
|
| Coordinates | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Jaunpur |
| Population | 168,851 (2001[update]) |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
Jaunpur (Hindi: जौनपुर, Urdu: جون پور) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Jaunpur district is located to the northwest of the district of Varanasi in the eastern part of the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. According to the 2001 census, Jaunpur district had a population of 3,911,678, with the urban area having accounting for 168,851 people. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located: a primarily rural agricultural population with high illiteracy and low human development index.
Contents |
Jaunpur hitorically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his father, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[1] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.
The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha.[2]
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodhis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal emperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Quilla, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in ruined form.
Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. Hasan khan
Jaunpur district shares the underdevelopment of most of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. There are currently no major industries operating in the city, and traditional industries such as perfume making have become increasingly unviable. Under the initiative of the UP government, an Industrial Area has been set up in the Sathariya region of the district to promote industrial growth and expansion. Land is being allotted to budding industrialists and the government has plans to help people of this region develop more and more industries. During the past three years Jaunpur city has experienced a growing corporate presence in financial services as well as in the organized retail sector.
Atala mosque also provides a snake bite antidote service free of charge.
Politically, Jaunpur is divided between the Samajwadi Party (SP) which tends to represent the interests of the Backward Castes and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) which tends to represent the interests of the Scheduled Castes and Brahmins, though other political parties too have a significant presence.
Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 3 Lok Sabha and 10 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.
As of 2001 India census,[3] Jaunpur had a population of 159,996. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Jaunpur has an average literacy rate of 65%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 71%, and female literacy is 58%. In Jaunpur, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Gomati, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.[4] It is one of the most densely rural districts in UP.
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways, it has three major railway stations namely Jaunpur City Station (JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG). Mughalsarai, Varanasi and Allahabad railway stations are also easily reachable from here, Godaan express is a daily train to Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay) from JNU; Shramjeevi is daily train to Delhi.farraka and sadbhavana express are other trains which run on various days to delhi.
Jaunpur is well connected to Lucknow, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Bhadohi, Janghai, Sultanpur, Ghazipur etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.
Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport or Varanasi Airport(Babatpur) [(IATA: VNS)] is just 45-minute drive from Jaunpur city on NH-56 (National Highway - 56), numerous domestic and international flights are accessible.
Sharqi Dynasty
Jaunpur has a very high concentration of colleges as compared to most other districts in U.P. It has more than 20 undergraduate colleges and 130 colleges up to high school. There are many major educational institutions in Jaunpur City which are famous throughout the nation. There is also a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya situated 21 km south from the district headquarter on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil.
Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
In its first phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres (2.06 km2) of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India.
Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 kV supply, post office, bank water supply, community center, shopping centre, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.
One of the three factory of Hawkins Cookers Ltd is also there in this industrial area.
There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur. Every year thousands of visitors come from every corner of the world to visit Jaunpur. The tourist attractions in Jaunpur include monuments, museums, and holy places.
The following are among the important landmarks of Jaunpur:
Bold textthis is very old river
|
||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||